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After the Cold War, Africa earned the dubious distinction of being the world's most bloody continent. But how can we explain this proliferation of armed conflicts? What caused them and what were their main characteristics? And what did the world's governments do to stop them?
In this fully revised and updated second edition of his popular text, Paul Williams offers an in-depth and wide-ranging assessment of more than six hundred armed conflicts which took place in Africa from 1990 to the present day - from the continental catastrophe in the Great Lakes region to the sprawling conflicts across the Sahel and the web of wars in the Horn of Africa. Taking a broad comparative approach to examine the political contexts in which these wars occurred, he explores the major patterns of organized violence, the key ingredients that provoked them and the major international responses undertaken to deliver lasting peace.
Part I, Contexts provides an overview of the most important attempts to measure the number, scale and location of Africa's armed conflicts and provides a conceptual and political sketch of the terrain of struggle upon which these wars were waged.
Part II, Ingredients analyses the role of five widely debated features of Africa's wars: the dynamics of neopatrimonial systems of governance; the construction and manipulation of ethnic identities; questions of sovereignty and self-determination; as well as the impact of natural resources and religion.
Part III, Responses, discusses four major international reactions to Africa's wars: attempts to build a new institutional architecture to help promote peace and security on the continent; this architecture's two main policy instruments, peacemaking initiatives and peace operations; and efforts to develop the continent.
War and Conflict in Africa will be essential reading for all students of international peace and security studies as well as Africa's international relations.
- Sales Rank: #554289 in Books
- Published on: 2011-10-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.70" h x .80" w x 6.80" l, 1.28 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
Review
"Williams has written a superb overview of this complex subject without resorting to academic jargon. It deserves to be read by novices and specialists alike."
Foreign Affairs
"A critical contribution to the literature ... Williams synthesizes an enormous amount of research on the dynamics and processes of conflicts ... [It] is a critical text for scholars of conflict and peace, as well as policymakers who seek to devise more effective strategies for managing Africa's wars."
H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews
"An ambitious and impressive book. ... While primarily an analytical study, the work necessarily rests on a detailed knowledge of cases and on a statistical base that is itself a considerable feat of documentation."
Population and Development Review
"A trenchant resource for international development specialists and students alike."
Journal of International Development
"Exceptionally succinct and useful, War & Conflict in Africa (provides) an accessible and inspirational companion for anyone who wants to survey the state of the field."
Journal of Peace Research
"A foundational framework for undergraduate students. Williams' greatest triumph is his lucid approach to debunking a great deal of the received opinions ... One of the most nuanced books on the subject to have been written in the past decade or so."
International Peacekeeping
"A must-read for anyone with an interest in modern Africa. Its thematic chapters make it easy for development workers and other non-academic practitioners to dip in and out of. Yet its undoubted intellectual rigour and judicious use of existing studies and analyses ensure its utility to scholars and students of Africa whatever their disciplinary hue."
International Affairs
"Paul Williams has done what he set out to do exceptionally well. Admirably researched and eloquent [it] will deservedly be read by students, fellow scholars, and - yes - those policymakers who wish to end Africa's bloody present, and who seek swift but stimulating summaries of the key themes and processes."
H-Net Reviews
"Williams' analysis and critique, written with substantial clarity, is a valuable contribution to the debate over African peace and security, with insights that may prove of benefit for the examination of armed conflicts beyond the African region."
Australian Journal of International Affairs
"Well written and thoroughly researched, War and Conflict in Africa provides a comprehensive assessment of attempts to explain the proliferation of conflict in post-Cold War Africa ... the book provides a useful overview for scholars and naturally lends itself as an academic course-text."
Journal of Military History
"A valuable reference for students, policy makers, civil society actors and those determined to promote peace and security in Africa."
Political Studies Review
"War and Conflict in Africa contributes to a more complex understanding of the political actors and systems that catalyze or prevent conflict and offers a cautionary tale to those who seek only proven, easy predictions."
New Security Beat
"Williams has produced the foundational framework for understanding the mainsprings of armed conflict in Africa over the past twenty years. This book is a must-read for those who want a nuanced understanding of the causes and processes of conflict on the African continent. Williams's analysis is brilliant and enhances the book's value for students, governments, NGOs - anyone working to promote peace and security in Africa."
William Reno, Northwestern University
"Encyclopaedic in scope and cogent in analysis, War and Conflict in Africa debunks a great deal of received opinion and offers not only a sophisticated view of how African conflicts come about but also a critical appraisal of attempts to resolve them. It should be required reading for scholars as well as for all those who seek to mediate in conflicts both in Africa and elsewhere."
Christopher Clapham, University of Cambridge
"This incisive study will be an invaluable resource for students and policymakers seeking to understand and ameliorate Africa's complex and destructive conflicts."
David Keen, London School of Economics and Political Science
About the Author
Paul D. Williams is associate professor in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Places Africans at the center of their own continent
By C P Slayton
Paul Williams gets it. Many researches and journalists bite of more than they can chew, analyzing the vast African continent. Their conclusions tend to remark how "inexplicable", "exotic" and irrational African conflicts are. We all know Africa is not a country. Williams takes the next step and not only breaks down the geographic regions but then explores the libraries of past research claiming the roots of African conflict to be either political, economic, ethnic, religious or post-colonial affiliated. As it turns out there is no "one" explanation.
Those who research Africa, especially its violent contexts, truly need to stay away from generalized explanations. While Williams still uses the geographic term, "Africa", he admits to the immense diversity of such a project. "War and Conflict in Africa" is split into three sections: context, ingredients and responses (as Williams calls them). The first section dives right in to the vast literature on African conflicts, describing everything from the colonial history to international relations theory as it relates to the continent. Williams then calls the colonial aftermath, ethnicity, greed, religion, politics, land rites etc. the "ingredients" to conflict. Some ingredients promote conflict but very few of them are the roots of conflict.
Williams carefully selects different conflicts and reviews the literature and theories related to each including: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda, Algeria, Somalia, Rwanda, the DRC and a host of others. This book is not simply a review of the theories, however. Williams comes to his own conclusion that rational politicians eager to preserve or obtain power can be considered a root of most of Africa's conflicts. These poor examples of leadership simply instrumentalize ethnicity, religion and resources to their advantage.
In the final section of the book, Williams reviews the progress of various African organizations created to contain or fight conflict. Despite the various peace-keeping and peacemaking initiatives the lack of unified leadership, political will and military professionalism continue to be large hurdles towards a sustainable solution. Power sharing pacts and conflict resolutions too often fell short of lasting peace. The former, as William's shows, simply supported the ruling elites and barely addressed the popular grievances.
This leads to a particular thread knitted between the chapters. How beneficial is it to analyze and respond to African conflict through the state-centric approach? What level of analysis actually drives the African conflict environment? The answer probably depends on the country but as ruling elites prove detached from the masses, it could be a different set of society, civil society, business leaders, tribal elders, religious heads or youth movements that hold the key to improving or deciphering African politics.
Finally, even in the current context of terrorist paranoia, Paul Williams dedicates barely a few pages to this discussion. In my opinion, this does not weaken his overall arguments but instead is a sign of his overall analytical acumen. Terrorism is nasty, but it should not overwhelm the discussion of conflict in any region. Terrorism has an ideological root but it just as easily manipulates the "ingredients" of conflict for its own cause as any other conflict trend. Too much focus on terrorism leaves the reality of conflict obscured.
This is a must read for all those interested in the study of African conflict. The extensive resources touch on all the big names in Africa conflict research. William's focus is on Africa and its people. That is where analysis should begin and end. Too much focus on international "meddlers", international terrorists and the colonial boogeyman is insufficient to describe the whole picture.
0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Good over view of african conflicts
By Scott Bailey
A good book that gives you the history of conflicts that is happening in Africa. Book is divided in chapters and each chapter covers a current conflict. The book is a little dated so some of these conflicts have ended or are in the process of ending. Overall it describes who and how the conflicts started and gives a good conclusion as to what will happen.
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