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Israel / Palestine, by Alan Dowty
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What explains the peculiar intensity and evident intractability of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Of all the "hot spots" in the world today, the apparently endless clash between Jews and Arabs in the Middle East seems unique in its longevity and resistance to resolution. Is this conflict really different from other ethnic and nationalist confrontations, and if so, in what way?
In this fully revised and updated third edition of his highly respected introductory text, Alan Dowty demystifies the conflict by putting it in broad historical perspective, identifying its roots, and tracing its evolution up to the current impasse. His account offers a clear analytic framework for understanding transformations over time, and in doing so, punctures the myths of an "age-old" conflict with an unbridgeable gap between the two sides. Rather than simply reciting historical detail, this book presents a clear overview that serves as a road map through the thicket of conflicting claims. This newly expanded edition updates the analysis to include the latest developments, and also integrates into the analysis a fuller account of the regional and international context of the conflict.
In this account the opposed perspectives of the two sides are presented in full, leaving readers to make their own evaluations of the issues. The book thus expresses fairly and objectively the concerns, hopes, fears, and passions of both sides, making it clear why this conflict is waged with such vehemence -- and why, for all that, there are some grounds for optimism.
- Sales Rank: #276718 in Books
- Published on: 2012-06-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .95" w x 5.50" l, .91 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 280 pages
Review
"Simply the best book available for undergraduates. In my many years of teaching I have never received such universal praise for a textbook on course evaluations."
Israel Studies Review
Acclaim for previous editions:
"An excellent analysis of the issue at the core of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, stripped of the 'subjective' accretions of emotions and passions, prejudice and ethnic hatred. It is the book to which scholars and belligerents should return in the heat of battle to remind themselves of the real issue at stake."
Australian Journal of Political Science
"Presents clearly the facts that underscore the tragedy for both sides of this conflict."
Journal of Contemporary Religion
"A veritable joy for the average Middle East academic connoisseur."
Political Studies Review
"Alan Dowty’s book now receives pride of place at the top of my list of concise, illuminating histories of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict to recommend. This will be a leading contender to be the textbook of choice in basic courses on the conflict."
Middle East Journal
About the Author
Alan Dowty is professor emeritus at the University of Notre Dame.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Presents two sides compellingly, but with some sins of omission
By Spencer Case
What I like most about this book is that the author consistently makes an admirable effort to present the strongest possible argument for each side of the Israel/Palestine debate. I do agree with one previous reviewer that he spent much more time developing the history of Zionism than contemporaneous Palestinian Nationalism,but that is the exception. At its best moments, I felt as if I was reading papers related to the federalist/anti-federalist debate in the early years of the United States, or the debates about the events leading to the Peloppenesian War recorded by Thucydides. If you like a vigorous, detailed back-and-forth, this book will not disappoint.
The one drawback for me is that the author omitted a lot to avoid certain murky topics, leaving me with the sense that there is a lot more going on than this book suggests. For instance, Dowty downplays the extent to which Palestinians have relied on terrorism to further their "resistance." There is no mention of the 1972 Olympics, for instance.
I think I can provide a reasonable defense of that omission, and similar ones, on behalf of the author. The aim of the book is to give the best argument on each side. The most credible Palestinian point of view would not endorse terrorism, so it serves only to distort the debate. In addition to that, Israel hasn't behaved angelically either. They recently admitted to running a eugenics program against Ethopian women. Terrible though this is, it has little to do with the arguments related to Israel's right to exist. Best, then, to leave all such misdeeds out of the picture to avoid the charge of bias.
Another thing left out of the book that would have been nice is a more detailed explanation about why feelings run so high about the Palestinian/Israeli conflict globally. Few Americans get into heated arguments at coffee shops about the Kashmir dispute, for instance. Why does the American right, even those who are not particularly religious, identify so much with Israel? Why does the Arab world and the Western academic left identify so much with Palestine?
Finally, I would have liked to have seen two side-by-side guest writers, say by Alan Dershowitz and Tariq Ali, arguing it out for real in articles at the end of the book. It's not necessary, but it would have been a nice touch.
In the interest of full disclosure, let me end by putting the cards on the table. I was pro-Israel before reading this book, and I am pro-Israel now. It's hard to say if I'm filtering the evidence presented in this book through a distorting, preconceived lens, or if my views turned out to be better supported by the evidence than I had thought, or if this author is biased in the same way that I am. Naturally, I opt for the second option, but a pro-Palestinian might prefer an alternative explanation.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Charting the Origins and Evolution of the Israel/Palestine Conflict
By Keith Heapes
In his fully revised and updated Third Edition of his book "Israel/Palestine," Alan Dowty opens his Preface with an insightful and important question: "Can an introduction to the highly-charged conflict be `objective' and yet communicate the depth of emotions and humanity on both sides?" Dowty poses the following answer: "Perhaps the goal is hopelessly naive, as modern theories of knowledge have repeatedly claimed;...but in my view that does not relieve us as scholars from the responsibility of trying to approach it as much as we possibly can."
SPOILER ALERT: There may be information about the contents of this book beyond this point that some readers may not want to know. If so, stop now or continue reading at your own risk.
Dowty wastes little time in pinpointing what he believes to be the true chronological beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict and in doing so establishes the scope and boundaries of this, his third edition. In his Introduction, he writes regarding the conflict's beginning, "Its origins lie in the 1880s, when Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe began settling in the historical Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael), then a part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, in order to re-establish a Jewish presence there. The broader Arab-Israeli dimension came into full existence only with the 1947-9 war." Though I appreciate the fact that Dowty carefully defined the context of his book (unlike other authors who meander through mounds of material without considering the reader's need for an established framework), I will comment on his conclusion later in this review.
Before he enters the first chapter, Dowty continues to define his presuppositions regarding the conflict. After establishing a beginning, Dowty proposes what he believes is a viable reason for the conflict. In doing this, he first states what the conflict is not, and then he zeroes in on what he believes is the real reason. According to Dowty, (1) the conflict is not an age-old conflict. (2) It is not a result of long-standing aversion the Palestinians and Israelis have toward each other. (3) It is not (at least originally) about religious differences. (4) And it is less hopelessly violent than its public image would indicate.
So what is it about? Dowty writes the following: "The core of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the claim of two peoples to the same piece of land." (I agree with him on this conclusion). Stripping away all of the other collateral reasons, Dowty asserts that the conflict is a clash between a Jewish national movement (Zionism) seeking to establish an independent Jewish state in the historic Land of Israel and an Arab/Palestinian national movement defining the same territory as an integral part of the Arab world.
So, with the presuppositional cat out of the bag, so to speak, Dowty spends the rest of the book earnestly trying to prove his case. Without question, Dowty's book is very well organized for the subject matter. Before chronicling the emergence of both Israel and Palestinians on to the national scene, Dowty pens two excellent chapters on the histories of the Jews and the Arabs. These two historical sagas alone are worth the price of admission. He follows this with two relatively long and detailed chapters on the rise of Israel and the Palestinians from just prior to WWI to the Six-Day War and the subsequent emergence of the PLO, respectively.
Near the end of "Israel/Palestine," Dowty weighs in on the seemingly endless debate over how best to resolve the conflict and the disposition of land, security issues and the ever-present refugee solution. Dowty discusses the possible pros and cons, the strengths and weaknesses of a two-state solution, considering the constant challenges, impasses and pitfalls facing a peaceful settlement. I won't speak to Dowty's prognosis here, so the reader will have to discover what he thinks from reading the book.
The final chapter is, in a sense, a review and summation of the previous eight chapters. In his final analysis, Dowty ponders the impact a couple of suggested scenarios may have on the current conflict. It should come as no surprise that I don't intend to reveal his proposed solution in this review. As mentioned early in this review, I would like to now address the only weakness I found in Dowty's book. In his Preface, Dowty provided the following purpose statement:
"The original purpose in offering this account, as stated at the outset, was `to chart the origins and evolution of the conflict, to explore the different motivations and claims of those groups involved, and to discuss the prospects for resolution.'"
With that being said, earlier in his Introduction Dowty briefly covered what he labels as "myths" concerning the origins of the Arab/Jewish conflict. Surprisingly, and with a sweep of his computer keyboard, Dowty summarily dismisses a longstanding answer to the question of origins. He writes, "Pundits (?) speak about `age-old ethnic hatreds' between Arabs and Jews going back `thousands of years,...' There is a major problem with these characterizations. They are all myths"
This shortsighted analysis was stunning, to say the least. A number of other historians, Jonathan Schneer to name a recent one, at least places the origin of the conflict back as far as the period surrounding WWI. Yet both of these esteemed authors completely ignored centuries of disagreement, and sometimes hostile disagreement, between Arabs and Jews, going back to the early period of the Hebrew Scriptures, the Pentateuch. Genesis records the rift between the sons of Abraham, Isaac and Ismail, one the son of promise (Isaac-father of the Jews) and the other the son scorned and driven away (Ismail-father of the Arabs). This failure to acknowledge an age-old history between these two people-groups seems to have become commonplace with modern historians. When writing about the Arab-Jew conflict, they simply exclude the very possibility that there is a very ancient root to this conflict, then stand around scratching there heads when a satisfactory solution can't be reached. All they would have to do is consult with these two people-groups and, if you are familiar at all with the Middle Eastern temperament, each would be quick to point this out.
After recovering from this initial (yet minor) disappointment, I later made two interesting discoveries. Even though Dowty had already dismissed the "age-old" roots of the conflict as a viable starting point, I discovered sprinkled throughout his book references to the "age-old" history of the Hebrews/Jews and the Arabs, even using this information to support some of his discussions (e.g., pages 22-23). And when he added his historical Chronology at the back of his book, he started it at 2000 BCE, calling it the "Approximate era of Abraham, traditional father of the Jews and Arabs", I almost laughed out loud. It seems he views the ancient history of these two people-groups valuable only when it suited his proposes.
Additionally, in the last chapter Dowty, in my opinion, completely throws his opening root analysis under the bus when he writes the following:
"To those who argue that ancient history cannot shape modern territorial dispensations, the Jewish answer is that there is no recognized statute of limitations on the restoration of historical rights or the rectification of past injustice for an entire people. Return to a homeland after generations or centuries is not uncommon;..." he goes on to laud the value of the ancient biblical record when considering the Arab/Israel conflict.
The reader may be interested to know that there was no footnoting or end noting included in this book, at least in the traditional sense. What was substituted instead was a reference tag attached at the end of cited material in the text which connected the reader to a Reference section at the back of the book. I've only seen this kind of citing in legal books and documents, never in a book of this nature. One extra that I thoroughly enjoyed was the Chronology timeline, again at the back of the book, which began at 2000 BCE (Before Common Era--a change which has recently taken the place of BC, Before Christ) and ends in September 2011. Each date listed notes a significant event in Hebrew/Jewish and Arab/Palestinian history. Dowty also included an impressive listing of material for further reading on this subject, as well as internet links. As I mentioned earlier, there is an alphabetical listing of cited Reference material and also a Subject Index.
"Israel/Palestine" is a well written, easy to read book and one that is free of the rambling style and stodginess of other historical books on the Middle East. Except for a minor disagreement with the author over the root cause of the conflict, it is easy to say this is by far the best book on this subject I have read. With that being said, and considering this is the author's third book on this subject, after presenting an excellent analysis, Dowty is unfortunately no closer to proposing a viable solution than he was two books ago.
9 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Fair-minded and Illuminating
By R. Schwenk
Alan Dowty is a Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Notre Dame. He has long been an expert in Israel Studies. In Israel/Palestine, he sets out to present the issues as fairly as possible so that the reader will feel the justice of each side. This is the third edition of a book first published in 2005, and it contains much material from the subsequent seven years.
Some of the book's strengths:
* A good history of the early days of Zionism under the Ottoman Empire, including how perfectly legal land sales caused tenant farmers to lose land that they had cultivated for generations.
* A fascinating discussion of the origins of the 1967 war. Mere weeks before the war, no one saw it coming. Dowty describes how the whole process began with a Soviet disinformation campaign.
* An excellent review of diplomatic efforts since the Oslo accords.
* Dowty outlines the most plausible agreement that can be reached if enough momentum for peace can be generated on both sides.
* He identifies a significant problem for both Israelis and Palestinians: Failure to predict how one's actions will affect the internal dynamics of the other side.
Some of the book's weaknesses:
* The focus on undoing the injustices of the past obscures the ongoing injustices. No mention is made of how lack of access to water, destruction of olive trees, or other humiliations experienced on a daily basis fuel the cycle of violence.
* The United States is mentioned mostly as a facilitator of negotiations. There is little discussion of how the U.S. affects Israeli actions or internal politics.
* Dowty uses the word "terrorism" without making any reference to Irgun's terrorist actions prior to independence.
* He shows no interest in ecological issues.
The book makes clear that no bi-national state is possible (like Belgium or Canada). Each "nationality" needs to be a large majority within its own borders. One can only hope that many citizens of both sides read this book.
Other books of interest:
* Jews: The Making of a Diaspora People
* The Invention of the Jewish People
* The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface
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